Conflict management in aviation

Based on the principles of CRM (Crew Resource Management) and the concept of 'airmanship,' the article emphasizes the importance of developing communication skills and understanding cultural differences to prevent and resolve conflict situations. This topic is especially relevant for enhancing flight safety and the efficiency of teamwork in aviation

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When we think about aviation, we usually envision a world of precise calculations, strict discipline, and flawless operation like clockwork. However, just like in any other field involving human interactions, aviation is not immune to conflicts. These conflicts can manifest in various forms, ranging from interpersonal disagreements within a crew to complex organizational contradictions within airlines.

In a world where every decision and action can have critical consequences, the ability to manage conflicts becomes a key skill. This is particularly crucial in aviation, where the repercussions of unresolved conflicts can be catastrophic. Tension and misunderstandings in the cockpit, interactions between the crew and air traffic control services, internal issues within a company's structure - all can significantly impact flight safety.

Article content

Types and causes of conflicts in aviation

Chapter 1

Conflict management and CRM

Chapter 2

Communication barriers overcoming

Chapter 3

Conclusion

Chapter 4

In this article, we will examine different aspects of conflicts in aviation: from their types and causes to methods and strategies for managing them. We will delve into understanding how crucial it is to prevent conflict escalation and what effective approaches exist for their resolution.

This will not only improve mutual understanding and collaboration within aviation teams but also enhance the overall safety and efficiency of the aviation industry.

Chapter 1. Types and causes of conflicts in aviation

Aviation is a complex environment where different interests, cultures, and professional approaches intersect. Yes, we are all different people, and despite being united by a common cause, we all have different characters and perceptions.

Let's consider the main types of conflicts that can arise in this sphere:

Interpersonal Conflicts
These conflicts occur between individual members of a crew or employees of airlines. They can be caused by differences in characters, communication styles, levels of professionalism, or personal biases.

Organizational Conflicts
Such conflicts arise due to structural or procedural problems within airlines. Examples can include deficiencies in communication systems, inconsistencies in management decisions, or competition between departments.

Such conflicts are dangerous because they literally 'infect' the entire company and involve more and more people around. The atmosphere and the overall climate in the company deteriorate, leading to catastrophic consequences for teamwork.

Technical Conflicts
Related to disagreements regarding technical aspects of flight, such as interpreting instrument readings, choosing routes, or making decisions in emergencies.

To prevent such conflicts, crews are constantly trained in CRM, so that not only in critical but also in routine situations, conflicts of this kind are nipped in the bud. In such cases, competent communication and good leadership and teamwork of the crew are important.

Conflicts related to flight safety
These conflicts arise when there are differences in understanding or application of norms and rules of flight safety. An example could be disagreement with recommendations or instructions from aviation authorities.

Another good example could be discrepancies between company documents and state-level documents, as well as documents of international aviation organizations. It's important to remember that when trying to interpret the text of a document, priority is given to international legal acts, then state regulatory acts, and only then - company rules and recommendations.

Causes of conflicts

Understanding the causes of conflicts helps in their prevention and resolution. In aviation, the main causes can include:

Misunderstanding or lack of communication

Insufficient information exchange or incorrect understanding can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts.

Stress and fatigue

Long flights, irregular schedules, and physical strain can reduce tolerance and increase the likelihood of conflicts.

Cultural differences

In the globalized world of aviation, people from different cultures meet, which can lead to disagreements due to differences in views and values.

Hierarchical and power barriers

Differences in authority and status can create tension and conflicts, especially if there is an authoritarian style of management.

Lack of Clear rules and procedures

Uncertainty in job descriptions or procedures can lead to conflicts when employees or crew members act based on their assumptions.

Understanding these causes helps us better prepare for preventing and managing conflicts in aviation.

Chapter 2. Conflict management and CRM

Conflict Management in Aviation is closely linked to the principles of CRM, which aim to optimize the use of all available resources, including human, to ensure safety and efficiency in flights. Let’s explore how CRM assists in conflict management:

Key Aspects of CRM in Conflict Management

Communication and openness: One of the fundamental principles of CRM is open and clear communication in the cockpit. This helps prevent misunderstandings and facilitates timely resolution of arising issues.
Teamwork and mutual respect: CRM emphasizes the importance of effective teamwork, where each crew member is valued and respected. This fosters an atmosphere of mutual understanding and collaboration.
Decision making and conflict resolution: CRM trains pilots in collective decision-making methods, which is particularly crucial in situations where resolving a conflict or finding a compromise is necessary.
Self-analysis and responsiveness: CRM highlights the importance of self-analysis and the ability to be open to feedback. This helps flight personnel recognize and correct their behavior, which could be a source of conflict.

The role of EBT (Evidence-Based Training) and ICAO 9995

EBT is a training approach based on the analysis of real data and events. It helps pilots develop skills necessary for effective conflict management. ICAO Document 9995 recommends the use of EBT as a means of enhancing pilots' competencies, including in conflict management.

Applying CRM and EBT in conflict management

Scenario-based training: Simulation training based on real situations helps pilots learn to manage conflicts in a safe environment.
Incident analysis: Studying actual cases where improper conflict management led to issues helps pilots understand how to better act in similar situations.
Development of interpersonal skills: In addition to technical skills, it is important to develop communicative and interpersonal skills to effectively interact and resolve conflicts.

CRM and EBT provide valuable tools for pilots, aiding them in managing conflicts in the cockpit, which is key to ensuring safety and efficiency in flights

Chapter 3. Overcoming communication barriers

Communication barriers can significantly exacerbate conflict situations in the cockpit. Understanding these barriers and ways to overcome them is a key element in ensuring effective interaction and conflict management.

Common communication barriers:

Language differences: In international aviation, language barriers can hinder understanding among crew members, especially if English is not the native language for any of them.
Cultural differences: Diverse cultural perceptions of politeness, respect, and authority can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts.
Differences in communication styles: People communicate differently; some prefer a direct approach, while others may perceive it as aggression.
Psychological barriers: For example, stress, fatigue, and personal biases can distort perception of information and hinder effective communication.

Strategies to overcome barriers

Clarity and simplicity

Using simple, clear language and avoiding complex terminology helps prevent misunderstandings

Cultural nuances

Being aware of and respecting cultural differences fosters a conducive atmosphere for communication

English language proficiency

Regular practice and training in English help reduce language barriers

Empathy and attentiveness

Understanding and considering the feelings and viewpoints of other crew members improves interpersonal interaction

Managing Stress and Fatigue

Effective methods for managing stress and fatigue help maintain mental clarity and the ability to communicate constructively

Communication skills training

Regular training and preparation to improve communication skills and CRM help overcome barriers and develop effective communication strategies

Overcoming communication barriers and managing conflicts in the cockpit play an important role in maintaining flight safety and the overall efficiency of the crew.

Conclusion

Conflicts and their management in aviation represent a complex and multifaceted issue. They can arise for various reasons, including differences in opinions, stress, fatigue, or even cultural and personal differences. However, proper conflict management and effective overcoming of communication barriers are crucial for flight safety and efficiency.

Utilizing CRM principles and understanding the importance of 'airmanship' help create an environment where every crew member can effectively contribute to flight management and safety.

Developing communication skills, understanding cultural nuances, and the ability to find compromises and solutions in difficult situations are key aspects of conflict management.

In conclusion, it should be emphasized that successful conflict management and overcoming communication barriers require not only technical knowledge and skills but also a deep understanding of human nature, as well as a readiness for continuous learning and self-development.

It's a challenging but vital path that every professional in aviation must undertake to ensure a high level of flight safety and comfort.

Name of article: Conflict management
Release date: 12/14/2023
Acrticle author: Georgii Kurbatskii

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